Perhaps it is strange for many friends to see such a title! Is there any ice in Chinese painting? That makes people feel cool? In fact, I am also quite curious, so let's continue to read this blog post carefully, go find out, let's go.
Our protagonist today is a fan with a unique figure and very beautiful clothes.
There are many ways of presenting in Chinese painting and Chinese calligraphy. Today's sharing of the most beautiful ancient fan in Chinese history is an eye-opener for us.
I really want to have such a treasure right away. Don't worry, friends, you must be in the article. There will be gains!
Fans were first called "Xie" and have a history of more than two thousand years in China. It was not used to enjoy the cold at first, but a kind of etiquette tool.
Gradually, the fan changed from a symbol of status and power to daily necessities and crafts such as enjoying the coolness, entertainment, and appreciation.
The fan was originally a tool of etiquette, used by the ruling class to demonstrate their status and privileges.
Fans are practical things, because of their thinness and large area, they can be fanned to keep cool. China has always had a tradition of decorating everyday objects,
so there are carvings on the handles and bones of the fan, and paintings and calligraphy on the front and back of the fan.
The fan also evolved into a work of art with practical functions, which made people love envy and treasure. It has become a major category of collection today.
The fan also evolved into a work of art with practical functions, which made people love envy and treasure. It has become a major category of collection today.
There are many types of fans in ancient China, but the only ones that are really favored by collectors are folding fans and group fans.
Although the production time of the folding fan is relatively late, its importance is great. It is easy to carry, enters and exits the sleeves, fan-faced paintings, calligraphy, and fan-bone carvings.
It is the pet of the literati, so it has the nickname "Huaixiu Yawu". Tuan fan came into being much earlier than folding fan, because the shape of reunion like the moon coincides with the auspicious meaning of Chinese acacia, also known as "acacia fan".
Because it is made of silk fabric, it is also called "Kan Fan" or "Luo Fan". Moreover, due to the famous sentence in Wang Jian's "Liao Xiao Ling" in the Tang Dynasty, "Tuan Fan Tuan Fan, the beauty will cover the face", which gave rise to the elegant names of "convenient face" and "obstructive face".
Folding fan production is distributed throughout the country. Famous local celebrities include Hang Fan, Cao Fan, Chuan Fan, She Fan, Yi Fan, Pan Fan, Fang Fan, Yellow Fan, Qingyang Fan, Liyang Song Fan, Fengrun Painting fans, Wuling Jiasha fans, Jinling Liu's fans, Yin's paper wheat fans, Wu fans, etc.,
and there are also spring fans, autumn fans and boot fans classified by function. The production of fan-face fans is becoming more sophisticated, and each has its own famous artists; fan-face paintings and calligraphy are widely popular and are recognized by literati.
In the Qing Dynasty, fans were used more frequently among literati officials. The fan is not only a tool for creating wind and coolness, but also not only a work of art.
It has become a symbol of status and interest, and a prop for their social roles. Not only in summer, but also in the season when the weather is cool, holding a fan in your hand,
opening and closing, or hanging on your body, or hiding in your sleeve, all have the meaning of personality expression and emotional communication.
The folding fan has become a symbol of Chinese culture and a messenger of cultural exchanges with the world.
Prior to this, although there were also many people who worked together to draw on the same fan, or wrote the fans of their respective signatures in sections,
but the collection fan divided the fan space in different ways, and then several calligraphers and painters made separate paintings.
Starting from the least two-person combination, up to more than ten cooperative masterpieces, it is really refreshing.
The painting and writing on the fan surface existed in the Three Kingdoms period. According to the "Book of Jin", Wang Xizhi is the story of the old grandmother of Huishan writing on the fan.
Writing and painting on the fan has always been loved and collected by people. Due to the unique shape of the fan, literati and inkmen worked hard and ingenuity,
drawing pictures in various poses and expressions according to the shape of the fan, expressing pleasing language verses.
In today’s calligraphy and calligraphy collections, the masterpieces of celebrities of the past dynasties have a large number of works in the form of fans or fans, which have become treasures of the art of calligraphy and painting.
Chinese traditional fan culture has a profound cultural background and is an integrated part of the Chinese national culture. In traditional Chinese society, fans are closely related to the daily lives of the people.
The types of fans include feather fans, cattail fans, pheasant fans, group fans, folding fans, silk palace fans, lacquer fans, black paper fans, sandalwood fans and so on.
Fan-making techniques included in the national intangible cultural heritage list include Jiangsu Suzhou sandalwood fan,
Zhejiang Hangzhou Wangxingji fan, Chongqing Rongchang folding fan, Sichuan Zigong Gong fan, Guangdong Xinhui sunflower fan and Huzhou feather fan.
Shake the windy utensils. Originally refers to the group fan, later refers to all kinds of fans. Five Dynasties Ma Jin "Chinese Ancient and Modern Notes · Guanzi Duozi Fan": "Wear a light yellow scab and a dragon skin fan: "Yuan Bao family has a fan, and it is made in good quality.
Lupins from Eighteen Dynasties of Egypt, 1500 BC (Collection of the Metropolitan Museum of America) History The main materials of the fan are: bamboo, wood, paper, ivory, tortoise shell, emerald, bird feathers, other palm leaves, betel leaves, wheat stalks, rushes, etc. can also be woven or made into various daily craft fans with beautiful shapes,
The structure is exquisite, and the fan art is worth a hundred times by the skillful craftsman meticulously engraving, engraving, ironing, drilling or celebrities who write poetry and painting.
The traditional Chinese fan culture originated in ancient times. Our ancestors hunted plant leaves or bird feathers in the scorching summer, and used them for simple processing to block the sun to generate wind.
Therefore, the fan is called the sun. This is the fan. The original source. "Fun with wood, fan with reed", the earliest fan was a power symbol made of reeds. The original function of the fan was not to enjoy the coolness, but a ceremonial fan for the ruling class to demonstrate their status and privileges.
Fans are also called "gong fans" because they are often seen in imperial palaces. After the Sui and Tang dynasties, a large number of feather fans and swan fans appeared.
During this period, literati and inkmen liked to play with fans and regarded them as "elegant things with sleeves". In addition to drinking and writing poems, some poets and poets often chanted poems and composes while shaking their fans.
During the period, a large number of poems related to fans appeared, such as Li Qiao's "Fan", Bai Juyi's "Bai Yu Fan", Tang Yi's "Yong Bro Fan" and so on.
If the ancient literati and mo guest had no fan in their hands, it would be like a petty bourgeoisie who did not keep a pet dog, and he would look a little tasteless.
In the Ming and Qing dynasties, not only literati, but also officials and accountants entering official careers, and even people of all colors at the bottom of society like to shake their fans to "possess poses."
Ancient Egyptian ostrich feather ceremonial fan (3400 years ago, National Museum of Egypt) Fans were first called "Xie" and have a history of more than two thousand years in China.
It was not used to enjoy the cold at first, but a kind of etiquette tool. Gradually, the fan changed from a symbol of status and power to daily necessities and crafts such as enjoying the coolness, entertainment, and appreciation.
Origin of Ancient Fan The fan was originally a tool of etiquette, used by the ruling class to demonstrate their status and privileges.
Gold ceremonial fan unearthed from tomb in Egypt (National Museum of Egypt) Fans are practical things, because of their thinness and large area, they can be fanned to keep cool.
China has always had a tradition of decorating everyday objects, so there are carvings on the handles and bones of the fan, and paintings and calligraphy on the front and back of the fan.
Earlier carvings, calligraphy, and calligraphy were mostly done by ordinary craftsmen. Slowly, various talented and imaginative artists also participated.
The fan also evolved into a work of art with practical functions, which made people love envy and treasure. It has become a major category of collection today.
There are many types of fans in ancient China, but the only ones that are really favored by collectors are folding fans and group fans. Folding fan is a "folding fan", also known as "jutou fan".
The folding fan is folded when it is received, and spread when used, so it is also called "spreading fan". Although the production time of the folding fan is relatively late, its importance is great.
It is easy to carry, enters and exits the sleeves, fan-faced paintings, calligraphy, and fan-bone carvings. It is the pet of the literati, so it has the nickname "Huaixiu Yawu".
Tuan fan came into being much earlier than folding fan, because the shape of reunion like the moon coincides with the auspicious meaning of Chinese acacia, also known as "acacia fan".
Because it is made of silk fabric, it is also called "Kan Fan" or "Luo Fan". Moreover, due to the famous sentence in Wang Jian's "Liao Xiao Ling" in the Tang Dynasty, "Tuan Fan Tuan Fan, the beauty will cover the face", which gave rise to the elegant names of "convenient face" and "obstructive face".
The Ming Dynasty was the beginning of the popularity of folding fans, which may be due to the advocacy of Ming Chengzu during the Yongle period. There are many folding fans unearthed from the tombs of the kings of the Ming Dynasty in modern times, which can be confirmed by the above records.
Folding fan production is distributed throughout the country. Famous local celebrities include Hang Fan, Cao Fan, Chuan Fan, She Fan, Yi Fan, Pan Fan, Fang Fan, Yellow Fan, Qingyang Fan, Liyang Song Fan, Fengrun Painting fans, Wuling Jiasha fans, Jinling Liu's fans, Yin's paper wheat fans, Wu fans, etc., and there are also spring fans, autumn fans and boot fans classified by function.
The production of fan-face fans is becoming more sophisticated, and each has its own famous artists; fan-face paintings and calligraphy are widely popular and are recognized by literati.
In the Qing Dynasty, fans were used more frequently among literati officials. The fan is not only a tool for creating wind and coolness, but also not only a work of art. It has become a symbol of status and interest, and a prop for their social roles.
Not only in summer, but also in the season when the weather is cool, holding a fan in your hand, opening and closing, or hanging on your body, or hiding in your sleeve, all have the meaning of personality
expression and emotional communication.
Not only literati, but also men use folding fans. From the mainstream of literati calligraphy and painting fans, black paper fans, youjiantu fans and opera fans are the typical craft fans, as well as rice fans for women.
Starting from the fan itself, there are additional handicrafts such as fan bags, fan sinks and fan boxes. Fans have also spread from China to other parts of the world, especially Europe.
During the Qianlong period, Guangzhou merchants used to produce ivory folding fans that were adapted to the tastes and hobbies of European ladies.
The folding fan has become a symbol of Chinese culture and a messenger of cultural exchanges with the world. In the Republic of China, the folding fan maintained its importance in Chinese art and life,
but nothing was beyond the previous generation, and the innovation worth mentioning was the collection fan. Prior to this, although there were also many people who worked together to draw on the same fan,
or wrote the fans of their respective signatures in sections, but the collection fan divided the fan space in different ways, and then several calligraphers and painters made separate paintings.
Starting from the least two-person combination, up to more than ten cooperative masterpieces, it is really refreshing.
The painting and writing on the fan surface existed in the Three Kingdoms period. According to the "Book of Jin", Wang Xizhi is the story of the old grandmother of Huishan writing on the fan.
Writing and painting on the fan has always been loved and collected by people. Due to the unique shape of the fan, literati and inkmen worked hard and ingenuity,
drawing pictures in various poses and expressions according to the shape of the fan, expressing pleasing language verses.
In today’s calligraphy and calligraphy collections, the masterpieces of celebrities of the past dynasties have a large number of works in the form of fans or fans, which have become treasures of the art of calligraphy and painting.
Give you a fan from the past and see our love at that time Authentic scenery Like 14 Reading 1607 Writing and painting on a folding fan is not an easy task.
Due to the different shapes, uneven heights and various materials of the fan, it is necessary to create vigorous, smooth, and admirable works on it. It does require careful design, patient management,
and repeated practice to achieve From the experience of the ancients, we can see that there are more of the following chapters: one is a long and one short chapter.
This form is the most suitable to use cursive script. It can receive smooth, majestic and unbelievable beauty. effect. The second is a chapter with equal number of characters.
This form is suitable for official script and regular script, showing the effect of ancient simplicity, elegance and strength, thick and durable. The use of seal script, oracle bones, etc. is also very attractive.
The third is a line-by-character composition. This form is suitable for writing large characters. The script is not limited. It is written along the arc of the folding fan, leaving a blank underneath, which is ethereal, natural, generous, and gives people a pleasing pleasure.
The above three forms of chapters are all written in arcs along the arc of the fan. Today's people are also unique. They are arranged in a parallelogram (or circle) in the middle of the fan.
I think this form is not enough. Naturally, as long as the arrangements are made properly, especially the signatures and seals, the enjoyment of beauty can also be obtained.
Regarding the calligraphy creation of Tuan Fan (that is, round mirror surface), it is a bit more free than folding fan. You can spread the fan surface along the circle, or arrange it in a square in the middle, or it can be half square and half circle, or you can just write a single word. Charm.
Why did the ancient literati and poker people like to draw inscriptions on fans? A serious story about history Like 4 Reading 3689 In history, Chinese fans have been spread in Japan, Europe and the United States and other countries,
and have a certain impact on fan production and court etiquette in these countries, and they are called European fans. As early as the Tang Dynasty, Chinese silk fans were introduced to Japan and became popular in the Japanese court.
During the Tianlu period (970-972), the silk fan in the palace was made of red sandalwood inlaid with snails as the handle, and the Chinese red Luo was the fan, and the style was luxurious.
Because Portugal and Spain lack high-quality paper, they use delicate calf skins and lamb skins as fans, which are called leather folding fans; some also sprinkle perfume on the fans, which are called fragrant skin folding fans.
In the same period, folding fans made of Chinese silk silk and calf skin were popular in the French court. In the 18th century, France imported a large number of Chinese bamboo fan bones, assembled and produced folding fans in Paris, making Paris the center of European fan-making craftsmanship.
The folding fans used by the French court ladies use ivory, pearl shells, tortoise shells, basswood, etc. as fan bones, and exquisite swirls, roses and other Rococo-style patterns on the top;
the fan is made of lamb skin, paper, chicken skin, Made of Chinese silk and yarn, decorated with painted, embroidery, bead embroidery, etc., the style is beautiful.
At the end of the 17th century, Chinese folding fans were introduced to the United Kingdom, which gradually prospered the production of British folding fans.
On April 19, 1709, with the approval of Queen Anne (Anne, 1665-1714), more than 200 London folding fan artisans established a trade guild. In 1747, there were 839 members of the London Folding Fan Association.
In the 17th and 18th centuries, folding fans have become ceremonial gifts or souvenirs in the courts of European countries such as engagement, marriage, coronation, celebration of victory, king's illness, funeral, and ball.
In the long-standing years, in addition to daily use, small fans also nurtured the wisdom of Chinese culture and art, condensing the essence of ancient and modern arts and crafts, forming a unique spectacle of Chinese fan style, and an artistic treasure in the traditional cultural relics of the nation.
The production of bamboo fans in the Tang Dynasty has been ingenious, and this Fuzhou white bamboo fan is already a kind of exquisite arts and crafts. With the advancement of silk spinning technology, silk palace fans (also called tuan fans, silk fans, and fans) became popular.
Hanban Jieyu, Southern Emperor Liang Wu Xiao Yan, Tang poets Liu Yuxi and Du Mu. Song poet Wang Anshi and others have written famous poems about Chantuan Fan.
China has a vast territory and abundant resources, and there are countless famous fans produced in various places.
Feather fans from Huzhou, Zhejiang, Yueyang, Hunan, and Ji’an, Jiangxi, folding silk fans from Beijing, Hangzhou, Suzhou, Shaoxing, and Xuancheng, Anhui, Pukui fans from Guangdong and Fujian,
palm fans from Dianjiang, Sichuan and Gong fans from Zigong, Zhejiang and Shandong Wheat stalk fans, silk fans in Chengdu and Suzhou, cattle bone fans in Zhaoqing,
and painting fans in Yangshuo, Guangxi are all well-known. Since the 1930s, Hangzhou and Suzhou have produced fragrant and pleasant sandalwood fans, which are sold throughout the country and around the world.
In addition, Suzhou and Hangzhou also produce folding fans that can be easily distributed, beautiful and elegant silk palace fans, and intricately carved ivory fans, making them two cities with the most developed fan industry in the country. It was a photo of the wall of Hangzhou Fan Industry Hall at that time.
Ancient ladies and noble ladies also like fans. They like to use silk palace fans, and Luo fans (collectively called Tuan Fans).
The shape is mostly a full moon. It is best to have the body odor of camphor wood or sandalwood. In Peking Opera "The Drunken Concubine", Concubine Yang loves to use a fan, but she is a folding fan with silk-faced bamboo bones and a large group of peonies.
The imperial concubine likes to use a big folding fan. I think it's too big and too slender, so I need a big fan to attract wind and heat away. Why not use a fan? Pu fan is too old-fashioned and does not fit her identity.
The silk palace fan is too delicate and the wind is too small to quench her wind thirst. Of course, most young ladies laugh by hiding their faces by fanning their faces, highlighting their beauty.
In ancient times, the people who liked to use fans most were actually scholars, especially scholars like Tang Bohu and Zheng Banqiao who had a good knowledge of calligraphy, painting, and writing.
They like to dance and use ink, showing elegance. I also like to use the fan with the inscription to exchange silk kerchiefs and sweat collars with the ladies in the fragrant boudoir, as a token of love. So the fan is more like a flirt in the hands of the ancient scholar lady.
When painters and literati began to draw and write on fans, fans began to move from a single practicality to a dual function of function and aesthetics, and became a plaything in the hands of literati: "elegant fan".
Because of its compactness and portability, it has a far-reaching influence, so it can be called "an art that can walk around".
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